πόνος, ὁ, (πένομαι)
work, especially
hard work, toil, in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] mostly of
the toil of war, μάχης π. the
toil of battle, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόνος alone, ={μάχη},[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόνον ἔχειν, ={μάχεσθαι}, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π. ὁ πολέμαρχος διαφθείρεται in this
struggle (at Marathon), [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
2) generally,
toil, labour, ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη cause
toil to them, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. λαβόντας incurring
toil, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; μάταιος π.
labour in vain, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχει πόνον πολύν involves much
trouble, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] when the tackle
labours in the sea, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
3) of special kinds of labour,
bodily exertion, exercise, στρατιωτικοὶ π. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of
exertions in the games, [
Refs 8th c.BC+], etc; γυμνάσια, νεανιᾶν (probably) πόνον
the scene of youthful
labours, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
4)
work, task, business, ἐπεὶ π. ἄλλος ἔπειγεν [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
enterprise, undertaking, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
5)
implements for labour, stock-in-trade, οὗτος τοῖς ἁλιεῦσιν ὁ πᾶς πόνος [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; καὶ πόνος ἐντὶ θάλασσα the sea is their
workshop, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]
II)
stress, trouble, distress, suffering, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π, of a storm, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ Μηδικὸς [π.] the
trouble from the Medes, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], etc: in
plural,
sufferings, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; πόνους πονεῖν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of
disease, κατέβαινεν ἐς τὰ στήθη ὁ π. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2)
pain, especially physical, δύο π. ἅμα γενομένων, μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροῖ τὸν ἕτερον [
LXX+5th c.BC+]; distinguished from λύπη (pain in general), [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]; but sometimes ={λύπη}, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
III)
anything produced by work, a work, μελισσᾶν τρητὸς π, of honey, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἐμὸς ὠδίνων π, of a child, [
Refs]; so, πόνον ὀρταλίχων ὀλέσαντες, i.e. the nestlings, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; τοὺς ἡμετέρους π. the
fruits of our
labour, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV) Πόνος personified as son of Eris, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]